The protection of the skin against oxidative damage is determined by genes such as SOD2 and GPX1, which are involved in the neutralization of free radicals. Variants in these genes can reduce antioxidant capacity, favoring premature aging and sensitivity to environmental factors such as pollution and UV radiation.

The accumulation of fat and the structure of connective tissue are regulated by genes such as ACE and HIF1A, which influence microcirculation and collagen distribution. Polymorphisms in these genes may predispose to greater fluid retention and lower skin firmness, favoring the development of cellulite.

The firmness and elasticity of the skin depend on the production of collagen and elastin, regulated by genes such as COL1A1 and ELN. Polymorphisms in these genes can influence the structure of connective tissue, affecting the skin's resistance to sagging and wrinkle formation.

The skin's ability to retain moisture is influenced by genes such as AQP3, which regulates cell hydration. Polymorphisms in this gene can affect water retention, predisposing the skin to be drier or have a lower capacity to protect against external aggressions.

The skin's response to solar radiation is influenced by variants in MC1R, a key gene in melanin production. Polymorphisms in MC1R can determine a greater sensitivity to sunburn or a better tanning capacity, affecting natural protection against UV radiation.

The predisposition to chronic venous insufficiency and the formation of varicose veins is influenced by genes such as FOXC2 and COL5A1, which regulate the integrity of blood vessels and the structure of connective tissue. Variants in these genes can affect circulation and venous resistance, increasing the risk of varices.